As is also true of tarot cards, runes may be read either "upright"
or "reversed" (upside-down).
This has the effect of increasing the number of possible
combinations of cards/runes in a reading.
Unlike the tarot cards, some runes are the same reversed
as upright, hence those runes effectively do not have a "reversed" interpretation.
These are the runes whose images have a rotational symmetry of
2. That is, if the rune is rotated by 180 degrees the result looks
the same as the original rune.
The following runes appear the same "upright" or "reversed", hence
they have no seperate "reversed" interpretation:
Most of the rune readings available from this website offer
a choice of reading with, or without, reversed runes. |